Tuesday, December 28, 2010

28/12/2010 - The influence of Persian language on Malay language تأثیر زبان فارسی بر زیان مالایی


Some Persian words which have become part of the Malay language:
anggur =انگور
Bandar= بندر
Dewan= دیوان
Gandum= گندم
ini =این
kurma= خرما
miskin =مسکین
pahlawan = پهلوان
Hikayat حکایت =
agar-agar = agar-agar = agar-agar
ustad = lord, master =استاد
baju = shirt, coat, clothes = maybe some ethnic word or (بیژامه لباس)
bahari = antique, maritime = بحری - دریایی
bandar = habor, port= bandar + dokhtar بندر، دختر
bau = smell, odor= boo بو
bius = to anesthetize= دارو
babu = maid, servant = maybe some ethnic word !?! دختر
piala = cup = piyale پیاله
peci = cap, hat = maybe some ethnic word !?! کلاه
tambur = drum, drummer= (drum....) is wrong kind of kordish string instrument called tanboor تنبور
tembakau = tabacco= تنباکو
taman = garden, park= daman (old word for green field)دمن
dewan = board, council, court= davar داور
domba = sheep= (rump) donbe دنبه
saudagar = trader, dealer, buisness man etc= تاجر، سوداگر
syal = shawl= شال
firman = command, order, word of god= فرمان
kiai = پادشاهی، کیایی
anggur = grape =انگور
istana = castle, palace = آستانه، درگاه
bazaar = bazaar= بازار
bocah = children, = بچه
jam = clock, hour = جم
tong = barrel, drum= بشکه، تنگ
bumi = earth, ground = بومی
pahlawan = champion, hero = پهلوان
bedebah = bad omen= بدبخت
pelita = lamp= چراغ
tahta = throne= تخته
tamasya = a show, spectical, scene= تماشا (watching)
tekan = to squeeze, oppress, press= تکان (vibration)
kurma = date palm= خرما
daftar = list= دفتر (book- notebook)
penjarah = jail, gaol = window (پنجره)
johan = champion, universe, world=جهان
cara = method, way= useful (کارا)
arah = course, direction = راه (way)
rawan = to worry about or be uneasy about something, Cartilage = روان
serban = Turban = عمامه
sudah = already = در حال حاضر
seruni = Chrysanthemums =گل داوودی
firdaus = paradise= فردوس
kenari = canary= قناری
kawin = to marry= ازدواج کردن
karya = work, labor = (fare- freight) کرایه
kecil = small, little= قلیل
kismis = raisin= کشمش
gusti = a title= (Chubby) گوشتی
kata = a word = قطعه
kuno = old fashioned, ancient= کهنه
gandum = wheat or corn= گندم
goni = type of sack made from jute= گونی
langgar = to collide= wrong it's some kind of shaking pendulum (لنگر)
lengan = arm = لنگان
marmer = tile= مرمر (marble)
medan = a square, a field or plain = میدان
mas = mr = طلا
mitra = friend, partner= name of the godnes of mitraism faith / name for females میترا =
nama = name= نم
nenek = grand-mother= مادر بزرگ، ننک

Some Arabic words in Malay can be considered Persian words:
arak= عرق
Atar= عطار
Bahlul= بهلول
Bait= بیت
Erbat= عبرت
dalal = دلالت کننده
dayus= ترسو
Dukan= دکان
Gogah= غوقا
Hamam= حمام
Inai= حنا
Khanjar= خنجر
Kisa= کیسه
Komkoma= قمقمه
Mamlakat= مملکت
Masnawi= مثنوی
Maus= مایوس
Menara= برج، مناره
nagara (nakora)= ناقولا
panus= فانوس
ratna (rakna)= جواهر
jahanam= جهان نما
topan (taufan)= طوفان
uktab= بادبادک
Ujrat= اجرت، دستمزد
Waswas = وسواس
abadi بی پایان =
biadab = بی ادب
khidmat= خدمت
khasiat = خاصیت
khianat = خیانت
khunsa = خنثی
Dunia= دنیا
jawab جواب=
nujum نجوم=
sabun صابون=
tarikh تاریخ=
piala پیاله=
Tarikh = تاریخ

The Malay language has many words borrowed from Arabic (mainly religious terms), Hindustani, Sanskrit, Tamil, Persian, Portuguese, Dutch, certain Chinese dialects and more recently, English (in particular many scientific and technological terms). Some examples follow:
* aksi - action (from Dutch actie)* almari - cupboard (from Portuguese armário)* anggur - grape (from Persian انگور/angur)* bahasa - language (from Sanskrit bhāshā)* bandar - town (from Persian بندر/bandr)* bangku - stool (from Portuguese banco)* bendera - flag (from Portuguese bandeira)* bihun - rice vermicelli (from Hokkien bi-hun)* biola - violin (from Portuguese viola)* biskut - biscuit (from English)* bomba - fire brigade (from Portuguese bomba, "pump", or bombeiro, "fireman", lit. "pumper")* boneka - doll (from Portuguese boneca)* buat - do (from Sanskrit wuat)* buku - book (from Dutch boek)* bumi - earth (from Sanskrit bhumi)* cawan - cup (from Mandarin cháwǎn)* dakwah - sermon (from Arabic da3wah)* dewan - hall (from Persian دیوان/diwan)* duka - sadness (from Sanskrit duhkha)* dunia - world (from Arabic dunyā)* falsafah - philosophy (from Arabic falsafah)* gandum - wheat (from Persian گندمGandm)* garfu - fork (from Portuguese garfo)* gereja - church (from Portuguese igreja)* gratis - for free (from Portuguese)* guru - teacher (from Sanskrit)* had - limit (from Arabic hadd)* huruf - word character/letter (from Arabic ḥurūf)* ini - this (from Persian این)* jawab - to answer (from Arabic jawāb)* jendela - window (from Portuguese janela)* Khamis - Thursday (Arabic al-khamis)* kamus - dictionary (from Arabic qāmūs)* kapal - ship (from Tamil kappal)* katil - bed (from Tamil kattil)* kaunter - counter or desk (from English)* keju - cheese (from Portuguese queijo)* kemeja - shirt (from Portuguese camisa)* kepala - head (from Sanskrit kapala "skull")* kereta - carriage, car (from Portuguese carreta)* komputer - computer (from English)* kongsi - share (from Hokkien kong-si 公司)* kuda - horse (from Hindustani kudh)* kurma - date (from Persian خرما/Khurma)* limau - lemon/orange (from Portuguese limão "lemon")* maaf - sorry (from Hindustani māf "forgiveness")/(from Arabic Ma3fu* maha - great (from Sanskrit)* makmal - laboratory Arabic* mangga - mango (from Portuguese manga)* manusia - human being (from Sanskrit manuṣya)* mentega - butter (from Portuguese manteiga)* mee/mi - noodles (from Hokkien miᴺ)* meja - table (from Portuguese mesa)* misai - moustache (from Tamil meesai)* miskin - poor (from Arabic miskiin)* muflis - bankrupt (from Arabic muflis)* nujum - astrologer (from Arabic al-nujum)* nanas/nenas - pineapple (from Portuguese or Arabic ananás)* paderi - priest (Christian) (from Portuguese padre)* pau - bun (from Hokkien pau 包)* pesta - party (from Portuguese festa)* pita - tape (from Portuguese fita)* putera - prince (from Sanskrit putra "son")* raja - king (from Sanskrit rāja)* roda - wheel (from Portuguese roda)* roti - bread (from Sanskrit roṭi)* sabun - soap (from Arabic) sàbuun* sains - science (from English)* sama - same (from Sanskrit)o sama-sama - together (derived from loanword sama via reduplication)* sekolah - school (from Portuguese escola)* sengsara - suffering (from Sanskrit saṃsara)* sepatu - shoe (from Portuguese sapato)* soldadu - soldier (from Portuguese soldado)* syariah - Islamic law (from Arabic shāri`ah)* syukur - thankful (from Arabic shukr)* sistem - system (from English)* suka - happiness (from Sanskrit sukha)* tangki - tank (from Portuguese tanque)* tauhu - beancurd (from Hokkien tao-hu)* tarikh - date (from Arabic tārīkh)* teh - tea (from Hokkien tɛ)* teko - teapot (from Hokkien tɛ-ko)* televisyen - television (from English)* tuala - towel (from Portuguese toalha)* tukar - to exchange (from Portuguese trocar)* unta - camel (from Hindustani ūnṭ)* utara - north (from Sanskrit uttara)* waktu - time (from Arabic waqt)* zirafah - giraffe (from Arabic zirāfah)


REFRENCES:
http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=NL
http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Malay_language
Google's free online language translation

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